Ethereum Shatters Daily Transaction Record After Major Upgrades

Ethereum processed a record 1.91 million Layer 1 transactions in a day in 2025, with fees at $0.16, thanks to Fusaka and Pectra upgrades. These improvements boosted throughput and lowered costs, though scaling challenges remain.

Ethereum set a new record on December 22, 2025, processing 1,913,481 Layer 1 transactions in a single day, with average fees at $0.16. This achievement is attributed to two major upgrades in 2025: Fusaka, which increased block size by 33% and introduced PeerDAS for efficient data verification, and Pectra, which optimized Layer 2 interactions and doubled the number of data sidecars per block. These upgrades allowed more transactions per block and reduced costs for Layer 2 settlements. Blobs, acting as sidecars, carry data without competing with standard transactions, further improving throughput. Despite these advancements, Ethereum still faces challenges such as ecosystem fragmentation and the growing size of its state database, which could impact node operation and scalability. The network continues to attract institutional interest while working on solutions to maintain decentralization and address ongoing scaling issues.